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Adoption Identity Race Exploration (AIRE)

AIRE was created out of the need for an inclusive space for BIPOC adoptees (of all genders, identities, and experiences) to build and collaborate. AIRE also offers holistic emotional and spiritual counseling and partners with other organizations to provide consultations about programming, curriculum development, and workshop planning.

Asian Girls Ignite

This nonprofit organization provides educational programs for AANHPI (Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander) youth who want to celebrate their individual and collective power.

Cerebral Palsy Guide

Cerebral Palsy Guide is a resource dedicated to providing educational materials, financial resources, and support options for families affected by cerebral palsy and other birth injuries. This page specifically discusses therapies, medications, surgeries, and more, that are relevant to cerebral palsy and birth injuries.

Movement Advancement Project (MAP): “Child Welfare Nondiscrimination Laws”

This is a map of child welfare nondiscrimination laws in the United States. You can click on it by state and it will provide quick facts as well as laws and policies. These policies concern foster care, adoption, second and stepparents, and LGBTQ youth in child welfare. This can be used for anyone in the United States who are looking to foster or adopt and is curious to know about the laws of certain states.

National Library of Medicine: “Achieving permanency for LGBTQ youth”

This is an article that talks about achieving permanence for youth in out-of-home care and meeting the needs of LGBTQ youth. It offers models of permanence and practices to facilitate permanence with LGBTQ youth and their families. It also provides resources for those who cannot return home as well as cultural issues that affect permanency. This is a great article for those raising LGBTQ youth.

Taylor & Frances: Online Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services

This is an online journal that publishes empircal knowledge and conceptual information related to sexual minorities and their social environment. It’s filled with innovative ideas and resources for the design, evaluation, and delivery for social services for these populations at all stages of life. All articles in this journal have undergone anonymous double-blind peer review.

APA PsycNet: “Basic premises, guiding principles and competent practices for a positive youth development approach to working with gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths in out-of-home care”

This article explores a youth development perspective for working with LGBTQ youths in out-of-home care. The article discusses 5 core premises defining the practices to promote youth development. A model is also offered for creating an environment where LGBTQ individuals can meet their personal and social needs and develop competencies.

CCI (China’s Children International) Pride

This is a private Facebook group created by CCI (China’s Children International) for those who identify as LGBTQ+ individuals. It is for Chinese adoptees and is open to all ages. It’s a network to discuss issues and topics relating to Chinese adoptees and the LGBTQ+ community.

NPR It’s Been a Minute: “Joel Kim Booster on making a queer, Asian American ‘Pride and Prejudice'”

This is a podcast by gay Korean adoptee Joel Kim Booster (comedian and actor). This episode explores how the film Fire Island honors queer friendships, subverts heteronormative themes, and tells a story which feels universal.

Creating a Family: “Adopting or Fostering a Child Who Identifies as LGBTQ”

This is a $20 course for adoptive or foster parents on providing a healthy environment to discuss emotional topics with LGBTQ+ youth. It is hosted by the Clinical Director of the Modern Family Center at Spence-Chapin Services to Families and Children. It covers topics such as cultural sensitivity, mental health and some issues for the LGBTQ+ community that parents need to be aware of.

Center for American Progress (CAP): “Welcoming All Families”

This is a report that talks about discrimination against LGBTQ foster and adoptive parents. It explains that religious exemptions allow agencies to discriminate against LGBTQ parents and how that reduces the families available to adopt, overburdens the child welfare system, and hurts the best interests of children. .

GSA Network

The Genders & Sexualities Alliances (GSAs)’s services can most apply to and benefit LGBTQ+ youth in the context of their communities. GSAs are student-run organizations that unite LGBTQ+ youth and allies to fight for racial and gender justice. On the website, you can find resources on the resource page, find your GSA network, and learn more about the work they do.

House of Rainbow

House of Rainbow’s services can most apply to and benefit LGBTQ+ people of color and faith. The organization works to combat religious homophobia and also validates LGBTQ religious individuals. It offers 1:1 support, group gatherings, and training workshops. On the website you can learn more about their services and the work they do.

Asian Pride Project

This organization celebrates LGBTQ individuals and API families and communities through artforms. It tells the stories of LGBTQ triumphs and struggles in the API community. These artforms include short films and videos, photography and written word. This source applies to the Asian and Asian American community and the LGBTQ community. It is a source you can just scroll through and look at on your own time.

Gay Asian Pacific Islander Men of New York (GAPIMNY)

This organization was founded in 1990 and is an all-volunteer community organization with the mission to empower queer and trans Asian Pacific Islanders to craete positive change. They provide a range of programs and work in coalition with other organizations to educate and promote dialogue about race, sexuality, gender, and health. This source applies to the API and LGBTQ community.

National Queer & Trans Therapists of Color Network (NQTTCN)

This organization works to advance healing justice by transforming mental health for queer and trans people of color. They have lists of community and practitioner resources including crisis hotlines, as well as a therapy directory. This source is great for all minority communities and mental health services can be filtered by city or zip code. You can also request to join the directory as well.

QMUNITY

This organization offers ten counseling sessions at a reduced cost. Free sessions are also an option for people who cannot afford the fee. They have appointments 10am-6pm Monday through Friday. The counselors have competency training in LGBTQ2SAI+ and gender-diverse related issues, however there is a waitlist. This source is great for people who are in need of therapy and with diverse counselors.

Trikone

This is a registered non-profit organization for LGBTQ people of South Asian descent in the Bay Area (CA). It’s 100% volunteer-based and they’re always looking for volunteers. They also provide a Desi LGBTQ Helpline. They have two subgroups: Women of Trikone and Parents @ Trikone. They also have resources and events.Their mission is to unite people amd affirm their South Asian identity and sexual orientation.

Satrang

This non-profit organization serves the South Asian LGBTQ community by promoting awareness, acceptance and empowerment through social, educational and advocacy-related events. You are able to volunteer for and attend their events and donate. They are based in Los Angeles, so this is a good organization for any LA based LGBTQ South Asians.

Massachusetts Asian + Pacific Islanders for Health (MAP)

This organization aims to provide a safe space where API LGBTQ+ youth (ages 16-25) can come together to find support and make friends. They have drop-in centers, peer events, resources and animal-assisted therapy. They work with the Chinatown neighborhood and the greater Boston area; programs and organizations with similar objectives; school and university resource centers; as well as health centers and local businesses. This is a great resource for API LGBTQ+ individuals in the Boston area.

National Queer Asian Pacific Islander Alliance (NQAPIA)

This organization empowers LGBTQ+ API and is a federation of small, volunteer-run groups across the country. They provide capacity building, advocacy, convenings and representation pledges. They also have social media accounts to connect with them (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) and are based in New York.

Talkspace: “The History of the LGBTQ Community and Mental Health Treatment”

From TalkSpace.com, this source will most apply to and benefit those who are seeking information about the history of the LGBTQ community and mental health treatment. The article goes over an abbreviated history, how the LGBTQ identity came to be designated as a mental illness, conversion therapy history, ongoing conversations about gender, and current issues.

PFLAG NYC: API Parents & Caregivers Group

This group meets twice a month for a lunchtime discussion for API parents and caregivers whose children are part of the LGBTQ+ community. They are based in New York City but have virtual meetings on zoom. They also have an events calendar for anyone who can or wants to attend. This is a parent resource for API parents who have LGBTQ+ children.

LGBT National Help Center: LGBT National Youth Talkline

The LGBT National Youth Talkline will most apply to and benefit LGBT youth (age 25 and younger) who need free and confidential peer-support. On the webpage you can find the talklines hours and information on what to expect on a call.

Rainbow LGBTQ Asians

This is an online Facebook group that is a safe space for LGBTQ+ Asians from all over to chat and share experiences and media which discuss the issues that LGBTQ+ Asians face. It is a private group with 84 members.

LGBT National Help Center Call Services

The LGBT National Help Center will most apply to and benefit LGBT folks who need free and confidential peer-support and local resources. The page has the numbers of hotlines, an online peer-support chat, weekly youth chat rooms, and a list of resources that serve throughout the country.

AsiaPacifiQueer: Rethinking Genders and Sexualities

This is an interdisciplinary essay collection which examines the shaping of local queer cultures in the Asian Pacific region in order to move beyond definitonis and understandings of sexuality and gender that rely on Western assumptions.

HRC: “How HIV Impacts LGBTQ People”

From the Human Rights Campaign, this source will most apply to and benefit those who seek to understand how HIV impacts LGBTQ People. The article gives an overview of what HIV is, how discrimination against LGBTQ ties in to HIV, how it is funded, and the work HRC is doing to move forward with current issues.

Creating a Family: “Tips for Raising an LGBTQ Foster or Adopted Child”

This website provides ten tips on raising LGBTQ foster or adopted kids, such as using your child’s preferred pronouns, using gender-neutral language, and letting them know you are willing to listen and talk about anything. This is a great resource for adoptive or foster parents of LGBTQ children.

National Coalition for LGBTQ Health

The National Coalition for LGBTQ Health’s services can most apply to and benefit everyone in the LGBTQ Community. The coalition is “committed to improving the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals through federal and local advocacy, education, and research”. On the website you can explore their work regarding LGBTQ health and their resource page.

Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network (GLSEN)

GLSEN is a source that can most apply to and benefit LGBTQ+ youth who are in learning environments. The organization works to activate supportive educators, uplift student-led movements, conduct extensive research, construct resources for educators, advocate for policies, and has 43 chapters in 30 states. On the webpage you can learn more about their work and recent news & blog posts.

University of Michigan Center for Sexuality & Health Disparities: “All About Gender”

From Henry Ford, this guide can apply to and most benefit parents who have transgender, questioning, gender expansive, gender nonconforming, or non-binary kids. The guide explains terms, answers common questions, addresses transitioning, and gives additional resources

PA Parent an Family Alliance

The PA Parent and Family Alliance LGBTQ+ Tip Sheet is a great resource that can most apply to and benefit parents who have a LGBTQ+ child. The guide goes over tips on what to do immediately following your child coming out, how to use terminology, and some reputable resources to continue your research.

healthychildren.org: “Coming Out: Information for Parents of LGBTQ Teens”

From Healthy Children. Org, this article will most apply to and benefit parents who have LGBTQ+ teens. The article gives explanations and tips to common questions. It also gives recommendations on what parents and families can do, along with more resources that are linked.

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): “Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents”

From the American Academy of Pediatrics, this source will most apply to and benefit pediatric providers or those who are interested in how pediatric providers are changing their approach to their LGBTQ+ patients. This academic article reviews “relevant concepts and challenges and provide suggestions for pediatric providers that are focused on promoting the health and positive development of youth that identify as TGD while eliminating discrimination and stigma.”

San Francisco State University: Family Acceptance Project

From the Family Acceptance Project, this source will most apply to and benefit the LGBTQ+ community in the context of their families, cultures, or faith communities. The Family Support Model created was made to “prevent health risks, strengthen families, and build healthy futures for LGBTQ and gender diverse children and youth”. The organization is centered around research, intervention, education, and policy. You can download posters with more information on them.

Planned Parenthood: “What should I teach my high school-aged teen about identity?”

From Planned Parenthood, this source will most apply to and benefit the parents who want to teach their teenage children about identity. The source gives detailed explanations surrounding questions based on sexuality, safety, relationships, and more. Tips and additional resources are also included.

Human Rights Campaign (HRC)

The Human Rights Campaign’s services can apply to and most benefit those who are part of the queer community or those who are strong allies that want to support. The mission of the organization is to “end discrimination against LGBTQ+ people and realize a world that achieves fundamental fairness and equality for all.” The webpage offers information on their campaigns/projects, articles and a resource page.

Rise Magazine: “Resources for LGBTQ Parents and Parents of LGBTQ Children and Youth”

From Rise Magazine, this article will most apply to and benefit the parents who are either LGBTQ+ or have LGBTQ+ children. The article explains the importance of acceptance and provides a list of resources

American Civil Liberties Union

ACLU (American Civil Liberites Union) can apply to and most benefit those who are part of the queer community and allies. The organization advocates for equality and has a long history of defending the LGBTQ+ community. On the website you can explore recent news, court cases, press releases, podcasts, reports, and more.

Johns Hopkins Medicine: “Tips for Parents of LGBTQ Youth”

From John Hopkins, this article will most apply to and benefit the parents who have LGBTQ+ children. In the article, Johns Hopkins pediatrics and adolescent medicine specialists share tips on how to provide support to LGBTQ+ children. The article also provides additional resources.

Stand with Trans

Stand With Trans is a source that can apply to and most benefit families and youth who are transitioning. The organization serves the trans community by empowering trans youth through LGBTQ+ affirming therapy, events/workshops, and support groups. On the webpage you can find many resources that will educate, inform, and support

The Trevor Project: “Behaviors of Supportive Parents and Caregivers for LGBTQ Youth”

From the Trevor Project, this article will most apply to and benefit the parents who have LGBTQ+ children. In the article it explores the behaviors of supportive parents and caregivers for LGBTQ youth and explains that supportive behaviors are associated with lower suicide risk among LGBTQ kids.

Gender Spectrum

Gender Spectrum is a source for anyone who is part of the queer community or would like to understand more about it. The organization works to create gender sensitive and inclusive environments for all children and teens. On the webpage you can find online consulting, groups, and plenty of resources.

Talkspace: “6 Ways to Support the Mental Health of Your LGBTQ Loved Ones”

From TalkSpace.com, this source will most apply to and benefit those who are seeking how to support the mental health of LGBTQ+ loved ones. The article goes over 6 important tips and gives detailed explanations. The source also gives additional resources

John Hopkins Medicine: Office of Diversity, Inclusion and Health Equity

From Johns Hopkins, the Office of Diversity, Inclusion, and Health Equity serves patients and families who are part of the LGBTQ+ community. The webpage offers resources for patients, families, students, staff, and faculty. The website is available in 31 languages through the language assistance program.

Bi.org

Bi.org is a source that can apply to and most benefit those who are bisexual, know a loved one who is, or just want to be educated. Its mission is to “connect bi people around the world and provide accurate, accessible, scientifically-sound information about (bi)sexuality.” The webpage is a project of the Bi Foundation or the American Institute of Bisexuality. On the webpage you can explore Bi people, resources, or get involved.

APA: “Understanding transgender people, gender identity and gender expression”

From the American Psychological Association, this article can apply to and benefit those who would like to educate themselves about the transgender identity. The pamphlet is available in several languages. It covers common questions, recommended readings, and related resources.

Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG)

Parents and Families/Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) is a source that can apply to and benefit the LGBTQ+ community. It is the “first and largest organization dedicated to supporting, educating, and advocating for LGBTQ+ people and their families.” On the webpage you can find support, information, and resources. There is also the PFLAG Chapter Network that has over 400 chapters across the country with 200,000 + members.

Free Mom Hugs

Free Mom Hugs is a source that can apply to and benefit the LGBTQ+ community. It is an organization that encourages education, visability, and conversation. On the webpage you can learn more about their education opportunities for everyone through speaking engagements, webinars, interactive discussions, and other programs. You can also search by state to find a chapter in your area.

The Real Mama Bears

Mama Bears is a source that can apply to and benefit the LGBTQ community. The organization supports, educates, and empowers families with LGBTQ members through its programing. It offers private online communities, resources, opportunities to advocate, regional Mama Bear groups, and numerous other methods of support.

CNN Health: “It’s Pride Month. Here’s what you need to know”

From CNN, this article can apply to and most benefit those who do not know much about Pride and why it is celebrated. The article gives an overview of who celebrates it, how it began, where the name came from, the origin of the flag, and answers the question if non-LGBTQ people can participate.

People: “Everything You Need to Know About Pride Month”

From People Magazine, this article applies to and most benefits those who do not know much about Pride and why it is celebrated. The article gives an overview of what is pride month, what it’s symbol, why it is celebrated in June, who were the major figures involved, and gives recommendations on some easy ways to celebrate.

Transgender Training Institute (TTI)

From the Transgender Training Institute, this article can apply to and most benefit those who want to better understand & be more affirming of Trans and NON-Binary people. This organization is made up a transgender and non-binary educators who “facilitate professional development and personal growth trainings.” It provides tailored training, webinars, and classes for individuals. Prices are ‘Pay What You Can” or sliding scale fee.

Pronouns.org

Pronouns.org’s mission can apply to and most benefit those who want to learn more about the importance of pronouns or how to use them correctly. The webpage answers common questions such as “How do I use personal pronouns?” or “ How do I use Gender Inclusive Language?” The webpage also offers additional links and videos.

Asexual Outreach: Ace Week

From Asexual Outreach, Inc, this webpage can apply to and most benefit those who would like to educate themselves or others on what asexuality is. The organization raises awareness for asexuality theough expanding education tool resources, projects, and events. On the webpage you can learn about their campaigns, projects, and online community hub.

The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA World)

The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex Association (ILGA) is a source that can apply to and most benefit those who who are part of the queer community. The organization supports LGBTI civil society worldwide through “advocacy and research projects, and gives grassroots movements a voice within international organizations.” The website has information about their world’s network, events, annual report, latest news, and a list of researched resources/reports.

Asians Do Therapy

Asians Do Therapy, is a website that can most apply to and benefit anyone in the AAPI community who needs some motivation to start. The website is packed with testimonials (including some by famous people), tips on how to start, and guides to finding a therapist. There is also a resource page with additional recommended articles, videos, and podcasts. The website in its whole is meant to destigmatize therapy for Asians.

AA & NH/PI Health Central Directory

The AA & NH/PI Health Central Directory members of the AAPI community who want more information on health. You can search by Region AANHPI subgroup, and focus. On the short profiles you can read the summary and be linked to the organization’s website.

The Trevor Project

The Trevor Project’s services can apply to and most benefit LGBT youth. It is the World’s largest suicide prevention and crisis intervention organization for LGBT youth. On the website you can find support through 24/7 counselors, TrevorSpace (social community for ages 13-24), articles, and through plenty of the featured resources.

Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD)

GLAAD (Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation)’s services can apply to and most benefit the LGBTQ community. “As a dynamic media force, GLAAD tackles tough issues to shape the narrative and provoke dialogue that leads to cultural change.” It offers several programs in the entertainment, news, and digital media to accelerate LGBTQ community. GLAAD also offers a Resource list.

It Gets Better Project

It Gets Better Project’s services can apply to and most benefit the LGBTQ+ youth around the globe. It is a nonprofit organization with a mission to “uplift, empower, and connect” the LGBTQ+ youth through sharing articles, education, and events. The website is available in several; countries and can be translated in several locations.

Stonewall

Stonewall’s services can apply to and most benefit the LGBTQ+ community. The organization fights for freedom, equity, and potential. Their campaigns drive positive change in public attitudes and public policy. On the website information is provided, resources, workplace/school resources, and recent news.

Outfest

Outfest’s mission can apply to and most benefit the LGBTQ+ community. It is known as, “The world’s largest LGBTQ+ film and media organization.” The organization holds several programs, projects, and events for artists with its film festivals as its focus.

Inclusive Therapists

Inclusive Therapist’s services can apply to and especially benefit underrepresented communities. With its mission to be a “mental health liberation movement creating change through decolonial education, collective care, and activism.” Inclusive Therapist has a detailed filter system within its directory. You can search by name, keyword, location, insurance, language, service, and specialty. Professional profiles are very detailed as well.

Southasiantherapists.org

This directory is “the largest South Asian mental health therapist community in the world.” It operates internationally, with a focus on the US, Canada, and the UK. Users can filter by location, session type, and language. Profiles display therapists’ language(s), types of clients, session types, biographies, and contact information.

American Board of Professional Psychology

The American Board of Professional Psychology’s services can apply to and benefit everyone. You can find AAPI therapy through this site through filters. This directory list only lists out all current ABPP board certified psychologists. In basic search you can search by name, specialty, or zip code. In advanced search, you can search by state office, state licensed, and within X miles of Zip.

MyWellBeing

MyWellbeing offers therapist matching, educational contact, professional development, virtual group support, workplace mental health, and social impact & access. Services can apply to and benefit everyone. You can find AAPI therapy through this site through filters. To match with 3 personalized matches you need to answer a guiding quiz. You are able to schedule and talk to your matches easily.

BetterHelp

BetterHelp’s services can apply to and benefit everyone. You can find AAPI therapy through this site through filters. By filling out a detailed questionnaire you are assessed and able to get matched to one of 25,000 licensed therapists. You are able to message your therapist and request a new therapist easily.

Unmute

Umute has an emphasis on serving/benefiting traditionally muted or marginalized communities with an aim on de-stigmatizing mental health. In its search directory you can search by state and insurance provider. In a therapist profile you can learn about their focus areas, treatment modalities, finance information, and more in their bio.

Headway

Headway’s services can apply to and benefit everyone. You can find AAPI therapy through this site through filters. Headway is also noted for its goal of “building the first asset-free national network of therapists who accept insurance”. You can search by location, concerns, and insurance carrier information. In a therapist profile you can learn more about the professional’s specializations, insurance information, schedule, and more.

GoodTherapy

GoodTherapy’s services can apply to and benefit everyone. You can find AAPI therapy through this site through filters. GoodTherapy is noted for being accessible anywhere. In the directory you can search by zip, city, treatment type, name, and organization. In a therapist profile you can find finance information, if telehealth is available, services, services, and more.

Asian Mental Health Collective (AMHC)

The Asian Mental Health Collective (AMHC) ’s services can apply to and benefit especially AAPI with its mission to “normalize and de-stigmatize mental health within the Asian community.” Within the site there is a U.S and Canadian therapist directory. On these directories there are detailed filters such as by issue, age group, finance information, modalities, and more. On the therapist profiles, there is detailed information. There is also a resource/ org directory that can be searched by location or category

American Psychological Association (APA) Psychologist Locator

The American Psychological association’s services can apply to and benefit everyone. You can find AAPI therapy through this site through filters. To use you can search for a therapist by zip code, state, city, provider name, or practice area. In a therapist’s profile you can find their address, contact information, services, hours, insurance acceptance policy, and more.

Adoption STAR: “Scholarship Opportunities”

Adoption STAR offers four unique scholarship opportunities for adoptees, and other members of the adoption triad. The four include: 1) the Adoption STAR Academic Scholarship Program 2) Adoption STAR Scholarship for LGBTQ+ Prospective Adoptive Parents 3) Shining Star Scholarship for the Adoption of Children with Special Needs and 4) Parenthood For Me Medical Scholarship. All of the criteria for each scholarship can be found here.

Adoption Network: “How to Find Support Groups for Adoptive Parents”

This article explains the benefits of parent support groups for parents of adoptees. It includes a section on single parents as well as on couples, and provides a few starting links for those looking.

Utah’s Adoption Connection: Children with Special Needs

This is digital Lending Library allows prospective adoptive families, foster parents, and adoptive parents to rent books for free. Users can check out up to three items at a time for up to six weeks. Within the Children with Special Needs category there are further categories focused on specific special needs, as well as other categories on general adoption, children’s titles, for parenting, for professionals, and LBGTQ focus.

U.S. Department of State-Bureau of Consular Affairs: “Health Considerations”

An article by the U.S Department of State-Bureau of consular affairs. It establishes the difference between convention adoption requirements which normally have an Article 16 requirement, and non-convention requirements. It also establishes reasonable expectations for accredited adoption service providers and visa requirements for a medical examination.

Therapist Locator

A search engine that locates marriage and family therapists. Users can search using zip codes or a city name for therapists in the US, Canada, and other countries.

NPR: “Microaggressions are a big deal: How to talk them out and when to walk away”

“Podcast and interview with Kevin Nadal on microaggressions and how their impact is not “micro.”” Nadal also has his own website with books on microaggressions and other subjects.”

NCFA: “Resources for Being an LGBTQ-Friendly Agency”

Same-sex headed families are increasingly becoming a part of the adoption community, so this is a short resource list of resources for being an LGBTQ-friendly agency.

Two Adoptees Uncensored: “Listening to Adoptees”

“Christopher, identifies as a queer transracial adoptee born in Vietnam and was adopted at 1 year old. He reflects on growing up in a white family, and predominantly white community. “

Meggin Nam Holtz (LMSW)

Meggin Holtz received her MSW with a focus on child and adolescent trauma in the clinical setting. She provides therapy to youth, adolescents, families, and adults utilizing a strengths-based, trauma-informed, attachment, culturally and racially sensitive, and adoption-informed lens.